Wednesday 19 March 2008

respectively

When is it OK to translate "beziehungsweise" as "respectively"?

Collins e-Großwörterbuch suggests "respectively" for one meaning of "beziehungsweise":

b) (= im anderen Fall) and ... respectively; zwei Briefmarken, die 25 beziehungsweise 55 Cent kosten two stamps costing 25 and 55 cents respectively

corresponding to Duden's:

2. und im anderen Fall: ...erhielten die beiden Hauptangeklagten achtzehn b. neun Monate Gefängnis (Prodöhl, Tod 247).

Definition b) has another example where "respectively" is not suggested:
geben Sie in Ihrer Bestellung rot beziehungsweise blau als gewünschte Farbe an state your choice of colour (Brit) or color (US) in your order: red or blue)

Collins e-Großwörterbuch mentions two other meanings of "beziehungsweise":

a) (= oder aber) or
c) (= genauer gesagt) or rather, or that is to say

corresponding to Duden's:

1. oder; oder vielmehr, genauer gesagt

Let's look at Duden's 2: und im anderen Fall more closely. Can we always use "respectively" when translating this?

English dictionaries name two meanings of respectively:

In the order mentioned

Often listed as the only meaning of respectively, in smaller dictionaries:

re•spect•ive•ly in the same order as the people or things already mentioned: Julie and Mark, aged 17 and 19 respectively ©Oxford University Press, 2005.

re‧spec‧tive‧ly in the same order as the things you have just mentioned: The cups and saucers cost £5 and £3 respectively. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

Fowler's Modern English Usage: "respectively is correctly used when the sense required is 'each separately or in turn, and in the order mentioned'".

AHD Singly in the order designated or mentioned: I'm referring to each of you respectively.

Singly, separately
(but not necessarily in the order mentioned)
Listed in larger dictionaries.

New SOED
respectively
2 Relatively to each of those in question individually; singly, separately; each individually or in turn, and in the order mentioned.
SCOTT FITZGERALD The crowd had split into two sections, following, respectively, the man on a stretcher and the girl.
N. MANDELA The last men to be sentenced..received twelve and seven years respectively.

respectively (adv.) means “separately and individually” or in the order specified,” as in We reviewed each of the three programs respectively.
The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Copyright © 1993 Columbia University Press.


Robert Schoenfeld believes you can only translate "beziehungsweise" as "in the order mentioned", but (he seems to be saying) not as "singly, separately". Is he right? The second lot of dictionary definitions above seem to suggest not, as does the e-Großwörterbuch translation at the top of this post.

The chemist's English By Robert Schoenfeld
"in German usage beziehungsweise applies to a situation where a certain number of entities will vary in properties or behaviour, but this variation is nonrandom. It is not necessary (but it is permissible), in German, to list these entities one by one.
In this lies the key difference to
respectively. This word means exclusively "in the order named". In other words, it is obligatory to name the members of the set of entities one by one (E1, E2, etc.) and then match them, in the same order, to the properties P1, P2, etc. An example is provided by the following sentence:
The percentages of iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc were, respectively, 30, 26, 24, and 20."

Modern (post-1990) book examples by native speakers of English where "respectively" does not mean "in the order mentioned"

--> Got up to p16, still not found one

Still working on this!